Please read carefully the footnotes below to correctly interpret the data

RU: Research Universities
UAS: Universities of Applied Sciences
Ratio: Total/(1,000,000 inhabitants)
tbp: Data will be published soon
n.a.: Data is not available due to non-existence/changes in the national archival system

In all countries included in this study, except Ireland, Norway and Portugal, PhD degrees are only awarded by traditional Universities and not by University of Applied Sciences/University Colleges.

(RU) Belgium

Numbers are not available since statistics on Doctoral (PhD) students and degrees awarded is reported combined across the entire field of Sciences or Engineering [BE3, BE4].

(RU) Belgium

Numbers are not available since statistics on Doctoral (PhD) students and degrees awarded is reported combined across the entire field of Sciences or Engineering [BE3, BE4].

(RU) Bulgaria

Significant variations in the ratio and in the female percentage of Doctoral (PhD) degrees awarded can be better understood considering that the number of Doctoral (PhD) degrees awarded in all cases is quite small and therefore small variations in the absolute numbers reflect on a strong variation in the percentages.

(RU) Bulgaria

Significant variations in the ratio and in the female percentage of Doctoral (PhD) degrees awarded can be better understood considering that the number of Doctoral (PhD) degrees awarded in all cases is quite small and therefore small variations in the absolute numbers reflect on a strong variation in the percentages.

(RU) Denmark

Numbers are not available since statistics on Doctoral (PhD) students and degrees is reported combined across the entire field of Natural or Technical Sciences.

(RU) Denmark

Numbers are not available since statistics on Doctoral (PhD) students and degrees is reported combined across the entire field of Natural or Technical Sciences.

(RU) Estonia

Significant variations in the ratio and in the female percentage of Doctoral (PhD) degrees awarded can be better understood considering that the number of Doctoral (PhD) degrees awarded in all cases is quite small and therefore small variations in the absolute numbers reflect on a strong variation in the percentages.

(RU) Estonia

Significant variations in the ratio and in the female percentage of Doctoral (PhD) degrees awarded can be better understood considering that the number of Doctoral (PhD) degrees awarded in all cases is quite small and therefore small variations in the absolute numbers reflect on a strong variation in the percentages.

(UAS) Ireland

Significant variations in the female percentage of Doctoral (PhD) degrees awarded can be better understood considering that the number of Doctoral (PhD) degrees awarded in all cases is quite small and therefore small variations in the absolute numbers reflect on a strong variation in the percentages.

(UAS) Norway

Significant variations in the female percentage of Doctoral (PhD) degrees awarded can be better understood considering that the number of Doctoral (PhD) degrees awarded in all cases is quite small and therefore small variations in the absolute numbers reflect on a strong variation in the percentages.

(RU) France

Statistics reported covers only public higher education institutions supervised by the Ministry of Higher Education, Research and Innovation (Ministère de l’Enseignement supérieur, de la Recherche et de l’Innovation) which are granted to deliver national diplomas (diplômes nationaux) [FR1]. The data from private higher education institutions (e.g. École Pour l'Informatique et les Techniques Avancées - EPITA, etc.) and institutions supervised by other Ministries (e.g. École Polytechnique, Institut Mines Télécom, etc.) which represent approximately 10% of all reputable Informatics higher education institutions in France is not available.

(RU) France

Statistics reported covers only public higher education institutions supervised by the Ministry of Higher Education, Research and Innovation (Ministère de l’Enseignement supérieur, de la Recherche et de l’Innovation) which are granted to deliver national diplomas (diplômes nationaux) [FR1]. The data from private higher education institutions (e.g. École Pour l'Informatique et les Techniques Avancées - EPITA, etc.) and institutions supervised by other Ministries (e.g. École Polytechnique, Institut Mines Télécom, etc.) which represent approximately 10% of all reputable Informatics higher education institutions in France is not available.

(RU) Latvia

Significant variations in the ratio and in the female percentage of Doctoral (PhD) degrees awarded can be better understood considering that the number of Doctoral (PhD) degrees awarded in all cases is quite small and therefore small variations in the absolute numbers reflect on a strong variation in the percentages.

(RU) Latvia

Significant variations in the ratio and in the female percentage of Doctoral (PhD) degrees awarded can be better understood considering that the number of Doctoral (PhD) degrees awarded in all cases is quite small and therefore small variations in the absolute numbers reflect on a strong variation in the percentages.

(RU) Lithuania

Numbers are not available since statistics on Doctoral (PhD) students and degrees awarded is reported combined across the entire field of Technological sciences [LT3].

(RU) Lithuania

Numbers are not available since statistics on Doctoral (PhD) degrees awarded is reported combined across the entire field of Technological sciences [LT3].

(RU) Netherlands

Numbers from 2010/11 to 2015/16 are not available since statistics on Doctoral (PhD) degrees awarded was reported across the entire field of Engineering or Natural Sciences.

(RU) Netherlands

Numbers from 2010/11 to 2015/16 are not available since statistics on Doctoral (PhD) students and degrees awarded was reported across the entire field of Engineering or Natural Sciences.

(RU) Poland

Numbers are not available since statistics on Doctoral (PhD) students and degrees awarded is reported combined across the entire field of Technical sciences [PL1].

(RU) Poland

Numbers are not available since statistics on Doctoral (PhD) students and degrees awarded is reported combined across the entire field of Technical sciences [PL1].

(RU) Romania

Significant variations in the female percentage of Doctoral (PhD) degrees awarded can be better understood considering that the number of Doctoral (PhD) degrees awarded in all cases is quite small and therefore small variations in the absolute numbers reflect on a strong variation in the percentages.

(RU) Romania

Significant variations in the female percentage of Doctoral (PhD) degrees awarded can be better understood considering that the number of Doctoral (PhD) degrees awarded in all cases is quite small and therefore small variations in the absolute numbers reflect on a strong variation in the percentages.

(RU) Spain

Numbers reported refer to doctoral theses (Tesis Doctorales) defended and approved by Spanish public and private Universities [SP1].

(RU) Spain

Numbers reported refer to doctoral theses (Tesis Doctorales) defended and approved by Spanish public and private Universities [SP1].

(RU) Sweden

The numbers for Sweden include both universities (universitet, classified as RU in our definition) and university colleges (högskolor, classified as UAS in our definition). In other countries, except Poland (where RU and UAS institutions co-exist), data is reported separately for each type of institution.

(RU) UK

2019/20 saw the introduction of a new subject coding system, the Higher Education Classification of Subjects (HECoS), which replaced the previous subject coding system used in years prior to 2019/20. This change slightly affected the distribution of students across fields of study, including Informatics. Therefore time series comparisons between 2010/11-2018/19 and 2019/20-2020/21 years should be made with caution [UK7]. Numbers are rounded to the nearest 5.

(RU) UK

2019/20 saw the introduction of a new subject coding system, the Higher Education Classification of Subjects (HECoS), which replaced the previous subject coding system used in years prior to 2019/20. This change slightly affected the distribution of students across fields of study, including Informatics. Therefore time series comparisons between 2010/11-2018/19 and 2019/20-2020/21 years should be made with caution [UK7]. Numbers are rounded to the nearest 5.